The loan spell for the striker will run until the conclusion of the 2022/23 campaign.
The 30-year-old became a Hibee in June 2019 and has gone on to make 118 appearances, scoring 37 goals.
Seven of those appearances have come this season with him scoring a hat-trick against Clyde in the Premier Sports Cup.
Doidge will now join up with Derek McInnes at Kilmarnock, who currently sit ninth in the cinch Premiership table – one place and one point behind Hibs.
He will be ineligible to face Hibernian FC this weekend.
